Person Page - 185

     Reference: 4130. Hannah Ballard was born in 1865 at Carlton, Nottinghamshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Samuel Ballard. Hannah Ballard appeared on the census of 4 April 1881 at Carlton, Nottinghamshire, , England; 16Years U Cotton Double+ Daughter : Ballard, Samuel 3338/78/57.¹

     Mary Ellen Ballard was born in 1865 at Salford, Lancashire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Edward Ballard. Mary Ellen Ballard appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at The Hollies, Church Road, Manchester, Lancashire, , England; Mary H Ballard; daur; single; aged 26; Governess; born Pendleton, Lancashire
Francis A Ballard; daur; siingle; aged 19; student; born Heaton Moor, Lancashire
Thomas M Ballard; son; single; aged 17; junior clerk; born Heaton Moor, Lancashire
Janet Ballard; niece; single; aged 29; Lady help; born Salford, Lancashire
Walter Taylor; boarder; single; aged 30; civil engineer; born Fulham, Middlesex.²

     Edward Ballard was born in 1865 at Hambleton, Lancashire, , England.² He was the son of Stephen Ballard.¹ Edward Ballard appeared on the census of 4 April 1881 at Great Eccleston, Lancashire, , England; 16Years U Farm Servant+ Servant : Hall, Richard 4258/22/24.² He died on 1 December 1909 at New Springs, Wigan, Lancashire, , England.

     Alfred Ballard was Market Gardner. He was born in 1865 at Aldington, Worcestershire, , England.¹ He was the son of Charles Ballard and Helen Halford. Alfred Ballard was baptized on 17 December 1865 at Badsey, Worcestershire, , England.² He appeared on the census of 2 April 1871 in the household of Charles Ballard and Helen Halford at Badsey, Worcestershire, , England; Charles Ballard; head; married; aged 42; Ag Lab; born Bickington, Worcestershire
Ellen Ballard; wife; married; aged 31; Ag Lab; born Welfrod, Gloucestershire
Mary A Ballard; daur; aged 9; scholar; born Aldington, Worcestershire
Alfred Ballard; son; aged 5; born Aldington, Worcestershire
Ellen Ballard; daur; aged 1; born Badsey, Worcestershire.³ Alfred Ballard appeared on the census of 3 April 1881 in the household of Charles Ballard and Helen Halford at Badsey, Worcestershire, , England; Charles Ballard; head; married; aged 52; Agri Lab; born Badsey, Worcestershire
Ellen Ballard; wife; married; aged 42; ditto wife; born Offenham, Worcestershire
Alfred Ballard; son; aged 15; ditto son; born Aldington, Worcestershire
Emily Ballard; daur; aged 11; scholar; born Badsey, Worcestershire
William H Ballard; son; aged 9; scholar; born Badsey, Worcestershire
Charles Ballard; son; aged 7; scholar; born Badsey, Worcestershire
Edwin Ballard; son; aged 4; scholar; born Badsey, Worcestershire
Mabel E Ballard; daur; aged 1; born Badsey, Worcestershire.⁴ Alfred Ballard married Mary Porter in December 1888 at Evesham Registration District, Worcestershire, , England.⁵ Alfred Ballard and Mary Porter appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at Green Road, Badsey, Worcestershire, , England; Alfred Ballard; head; married; aged 25; Markey Gardener; born Aldington, Worcestershire
Mary Ballard; wife; married; aged 23; Gloveress; born Childs Wickham, Gloucestershire
William A Ballard; son; aged 1; born Badsey, Worcestershire.⁶ Alfred Ballard and Mary Porter appeared on the census of 31 March 1901 at Badsey, Worcestershire, , England; Alfred Ballard; head; married; aged 35; Market Gardener; born Badsey, Worcestershire
Mary Ballard; wife; married; aged 32; born Childswickham, Gloucestershire
Alfred W Ballard; son; aged 11; born Badsey, Worcestershire.⁷ Alfred Ballard died in 1939.

     Walter Lacy Ballard was born in 1865 at Norbiton, Surrey, , England.¹ He was the son of George Ballard.

     Her married name was Ballard. Ellen Standen was born in 1865. She married William Frederick Ballard, son of William Ballard and Ann Chick, on 26 August 1891 at Portsea, Hampshire, , England. Ellen Standen and William Frederick Ballard appeared on the census of 31 March 1901 at 12 Boulton Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, , England; William F Ballard; head; married; aged 36; plasterer; born Portsmouth, Hampshire
Ellen Ballard; wife; married; aged 32; born Portsmouth, Hampshire
Amy Ballard; daur; aged 8; born Portsmouth, Hampshire
William Ballard; son; aged 7; born Portsmouth, Hampshire
Nellie Ballard; daur; aged 5; born Portsmouth, Hampshire
Ethel Ballard; daur; aged 10 months; born Portsmouth, Hampshire.¹ Ellen Standen died on 13 October 1945 at , England.

     William Ballard was born in 1865 at Deptford, Kent, , England.¹ He was the son of Charles Ballard.¹

     Charles Robert Ballard was born in 1865 at Melbourne, Victoria, , Australia. He was the son of David Ballard.

     Minnie L Ballard was born in 1865 at Abingdon, Berkshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Benjamin Ballard.¹

     Ellen Ballard was born in 1865 at Winchester, Hampshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Henry Thomas Ballard.¹ Ellen Ballard appeared on the census of 4 April 1881 at Winchester, Hampshire, , England; 16Years U Servt Domestic Servant : Clark, Chas. 1233/46/51.² She appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at 9 Norfolk Crescent, London, , England; Ellen Ballard; servant; single; aged 25; Parlour Maid; born Winchester, Hampshire

In household of William Law GP.³

     Fanny Ballard was born in 1865 at Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of William Ballard.¹ Fanny Ballard appeared on the census of 3 April 1881 at Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England; Fanny Ballard; servant; single; aged 15; Genl Serv; born Arreton, Isle of Wight, Hampshire.²

     Emily Ballard was born in 1865 at Worcester, Worcestershire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of William Ballard.¹

     Walter Ballard was born in 1865 at Hamstreet, Kent, , England.² He was the son of Richard Ballard.¹ Walter Ballard appeared on the census of 4 April 1881 at Butcher Shop, Dymchurch, Kent, , England; 16Years U Assistant Draper; Servant : Packham, Thomas 1015/27/18.² He appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at 287 High Road, London, , England; Walter Ballard; assistant; single; aged 26; Grocer's Assistant; born Ashford.³ He died in 1902.⁴

     Laura Ballard was born in 1865 at Hawkhurst, Kent, , England.¹ She was the daughter of William Ballard.¹ Laura Ballard appeared on the census of 4 April 1881 at Hawkhurst, Kent, , England; 15Years U Undernurse Servant : Young, Edward 939/93/19.²

     Edward A Ballard was born in 1865 at Bethnal Green, Middlesex, , England.¹ He was the son of George Ballard.¹

     Fanny Ballard was born in 1865 at Charney, Berkshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Eli Ballard and Ann Cook.¹

     Hannah Ballard was born in 1865 at Camberwell, Surrey, , England.¹ She was the daughter of Thomas Ballard.¹ Hannah Ballard appeared on the census of 3 April 1881 at "Royal Mil. Asylum" Kings Rd Cheltenham Terr, London, Middlesex, , England; Hannah Ballard; servant; single; aged 14; Domestic Servant; born Camberwell, Surrey.²

     Charlotte Ballard was born in 1865 at Kingsclere, Hampshire, , England.¹ She was the daughter of James Ballard.¹

     Caroline K Ballard was born in 1865 at Chilham, Kent, , England.¹ She was the daughter of William Ballard.¹

     Lydia Ballard was born in 1865 at Bermondsey, Surrey, , England.¹ She was the daughter of John Ballard and Rebecca Brick Barnes.¹ Lydia Ballard appeared on the census of 2 April 1871 in the household of John Ballard and Rebecca Brick Barnes at 75 Long Lane, Bermondsey, Surrey, , England; John Ballard; head; married; aged 44; traveller; born London
Rebecca Ballard; wife; married; aged 38; none; born London
James Ballard; son; single; aged 17; born London
Elizabeth Ballard; daur; aged 15; scholar; born Tunbridge
Samuel Ballard; son; aged 10; scholar; born Tunbridge
Jane M Ballard; daur; aged 7; scholar; born Bermondsey
Lydia Ballard; daur; aged 5; scholar; born Bermondsey
John Barnes; Uncle; widower; aged 66; Gentleman; born Upton on Severn.²

     Eliza Unknown was born in 1865 at Morden, Surrey, , England.¹ As of before 1891,her married name was Ballard.¹ She married Richard Ballard, son of Richard Ballad and Elizabeth Kemp, before 1891.¹

     Susy Ballard was born in 1865 at Manchester, Lancashire, , England.² She was the daughter of John Ballard and Maria Edge.¹ Susy Ballard appeared on the census of 2 April 1871 in the household of Maria Edge at 15 Burtles Street, Manchester, Lancashire, , England; Maria Ballard; head; widow; aged 37; char woman; born Hollinwood, Lancashire
Cornelius Ballard; son; aged 15; assistant stoker; born Manchester, Lancashire
Harold Ballard; son; aged 13; glass washer; born Manchester, Lancashire
John Ballard; son; aged 11; scholar; born , Lancashire
Susy Ballard; daur; aged 5; scholar; born Manchester, Lancashire
Mary A Ballard; daur; aged 3; scholar; born Manchester, Lancashire.³

     Ellen Ballard was baptized on 22 January 1865 at Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England.^1,2 She was the daughter of John Ballard.

     George Ballard was born in January 1865 at Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England.^2,3 He was christened on 24 January 1865 at United Methodist, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England.¹ He was the son of George Ballard.²

     Phillip Boswood Ballard Ballard, Philip Boswood (1865-1950), educationist, was born on 13 February 1865 at Ty Gwyn, Maesteg, Glamorgan, the second of four children of Evan Ballard, grocer, draper, and later manager of a tinplate works, and his wife, Mary, daughter of Philip Cook, a local doctor. Between the ages of five and seventeen, he attended the local British elementary school in Castle Street, Maesteg, under the tutelage of T. L. Roberts, who enjoyed a reputation for being the best schoolmaster in the area. He exerted a major influence upon Ballard's early education. For five years, Ballard was apprenticed to Roberts as a pupil teacher, obtaining a first-class position in the 1883 queen's scholarship examination. In 1884, Ballard entered Borough Road Training College, London, where after two years he was awarded his teacher's certificate, also in the first-class division. In later life, he took an active interest in his old college, meeting regularly for ‘Old Bs’ reunions and serving as chairman of the college committee.

In 1886 Ballard entered the service of the London school board as an assistant master at Settles Street Boys' School in the East End, where he remained for eight years. Teaching in crowded conditions, with classes of upwards of seventy-five boys, all of whom came from poor homes, was a challenging task for a young teacher. Yet he attributed his subsequent career success to the experience of these formative teaching years. In 1888 he enrolled for a part-time degree course at the University of London and, devoting all of his spare time to study, was awarded a first-class BA in 1891. In 1894, his teaching career took a new turn as he became involved with specialized instruction of pupil teachers and was promoted to an assistantship at the Chelsea Pupil Teacher Centre. With five years' experience of working with London pupil teachers behind him, he returned to south Wales as principal of the Tondu Pupil Teacher Centre in Glamorgan, meanwhile studying for his London MA, which he was awarded in 1903. He gained the Carpenter gold medal for mental and moral science.

In 1904 Ballard was appointed as an inspector of elementary schools under Glamorgan county council, but he left south Wales for good in 1906 to begin his long career as an inspector of schools with London county council (LCC). He married, on 27 March 1907, Florence Lucy Stone (b. 1880/81), a schoolmistress, daughter of Thomas Stone, a clerk. On 3 March 1915, then a widower, he married his second wife, Freda Mary (b. 1886/7), daughter of Frederick William Bartlett, an architect. They had one child—a daughter named Mary Bronwen.

Through his work as district inspector of London's elementary schools, Ballard became interested in educational psychology. Along with W. H. Winch, a fellow inspector of the LCC, and other key figures such as Charles Spearman, John Adams, Thomas Percy Nunn, and Cyril Burt, he was one of the leading pioneers of modern educational psychology in the British education system. On the basis of his ground-breaking work, published in 1913 as Obliviscence and Reminiscence, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by London University. He was inspired by Burt's meritocratic and progressive vision of educational opportunity suited to the intellectual needs of all children, and was responsible for popularizing much of Burt's work on mental testing and for introducing psychology to the LCC education department. He was a founder member of the British Psychological Society and a lifelong member of the editorial board of its journal the British Journal of Educational Psychology. He was also president of the Child Study Society and took a keen interest in the work of the Child Guidance Council. During the 1930s, working closely with Burt and Spearman, he was a member of the International Institute examinations inquiry which sought to publicize and promote a more scientific and objective approach to public examinations. He lectured widely on mental testing at various prestigious institutions including the London School of Economics, University College, and the London Institute of Education and became well known for his witty and inspiring style.

Ballard's writing for teachers on the subject of testing included a number of successful books of which Mental Tests (1920), Group Tests of Intelligence (1922), The New Examiner (1923), and The Changing School (1925) were the best-known. They demonstrated his passionate commitment to assisting the practical needs of serving teachers in schools. He firmly believed in the professional right of classroom teachers to advance the knowledge and practice of education and was keen to break down barriers between the academic and the practical in educational psychology.

Ballard's final career promotion, in 1928, was to a divisional inspectorship. He retired from the LCC on 30 April 1930, aged sixty-five. An official LCC report paid tribute to his work: ‘Few men have had a more important or a more beneficial influence upon the teaching profession, and few inspectors have brought a more cultivated mind or more happy gifts of temperament to their official duties’ (Hughes, 164). Throughout his retirement he continued to keep abreast of educational changes, writing books and making frequent topical contributions to the Times Educational Supplement. He had a remarkable capacity for hard work but was above all remembered for his generous and friendly counsel to teachers, his genial personality, and his good sense of humour. Ballard died at his home, Hazel Cottage, Chute, Pewsey, Wiltshire, on 1 November 1950. He was survived by his wife.

Wendy Robinson
Sources
P. B. Ballard, Things I cannot forget (1937) · A. G. Hughes, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 21 (1951), 163–6 · WWW · The Times (4 Nov 1950) · Times Educational Supplement (10 Nov 1950), 868 · Journal of Education, 82 (1950), 680–81 · P. B. Ballard, ‘Forty years on: elementary school children in 1888’, Teachers World (21 July 1926), 792–3 · will, proved, London, 6 Jan 1951 · b. cert. · m. certs. · d. cert. · CGPLA Eng. & Wales (1951) · A. Wooldridge, Measuring the mind: education and psychology in England, c.1860–c.1990 (1994) · G. Sutherland and S. Sharp, Ability, merit and measurement: mental testing and English education, 1880–1940 (1984)
Likenesses
photograph, 1887, repro. in Teachers World (21 July 1926), 792–3 · photograph (after portrait by J. Cooper), repro. in Teachers World (28 July 1926), frontispiece · photograph, repro. in Ballard, Things I cannot forget, frontispiece
Wealth at death
£15,329 15s. 9d.: probate, 6 Jan 1951, CGPLA Eng. & Wales.² He was born on 13 February 1865 at Ty Gwyn, Maesteg, Glamorgan, , Wales.¹ He was the son of Evan Ballard.¹ Phillip Boswood Ballard appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at 42 Malmesbury Road, London, , England; Philip B Ballard; lodger; single; aged 26; Teacher (BS); born Maesteg, Glamorgan.³ He appeared on the census of 31 March 1901 at 36 St George's Terrace, Swansea, Glamorgan, , Wales; David Phillips; head; widower; aged 88; Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Preacher; born Mydrion, Carmarthenshire; blind & deaf; both
Martin L Phillips; son; single; aged 45; born Maesteg, Glamorgan; both
Philip B Ballard; visitor; single; aged 36; schoolmaster (elementary); born Maesteg, Glamorgan; both
Margaret Evans; servant; single; age 28; General Servant (domestic); born Glamorgan.⁴ He died on 1 November 1950 at Hazel Cottage, Pewsey, Wiltshire, , England, at age 85.²

     John Freeman Ballard was born on 29 April 1865 at Leicester, Leicestershire, , England.^1,2 He was the son of John Ballard. John Freeman Ballard was baptized on 4 June 1865 at Leicester, Leicestershire, , England.²

     Peter William Ballard was born on 2 May 1865 at Chelsea, Middlesex, , England.^2,1 He was the son of Peter James Ballard.¹ Peter William Ballard died on 7 December 1910 at age 45.

      William Edwin Ballard was also known as Willie Edwin Ballard. He was born in June 1865 at Isle of Wight, Hampshire, , England.^1,2 He was the son of Elizabeth Ballard.

     Jessie Ballard was born in June 1865 at Royston, Hertfordshire, , England.^1,2 She was the daughter of Thomas Ballard.¹ Jessie Ballard appeared on the census of 3 April 1881 at 51 Westwick Gardens, London, Middlesex, , England; Jessie Ballard; servant; single; aged 15; Nursemaid; born Royston, Hertfordshire.³ She appeared on the census of 5 April 1891 at 3 Douglas Street, London, Middlesex, , England; Jessie Ballard; visitor; single; aged 26; Domestic Servant; born Royston, Cambridgeshire.⁴

     Albert Edward Ballard was born in June 1865 at Bermondsey, Surrey, , England.^1,2 He was the son of George Ballard.¹ Albert Edward Ballard appeared on the census of 3 April 1881 at 8 Mount Zion, London, Middlesex, , England; Albert Ballard; lodger; single; aged 16; Draper; born Old Kent Road, London.³